Objective To study the application of risk assessment in the prevention and control of health risk of inorganic arsenic in rice. Methods Taking the health effect assessment of inorganic arsenic from rice and the existing possible interventions or control measures on local population in A county as an example. The detection data, consumption survey data, bioavailability and dose-response relationship model were combined, and @RISK 7.5 was used for probability assessment of the risk of bladder cancer and lung cancer in the general population in different scenarios. Results In the normal limit and consumption scenario, the number of new bladder and lung cancer cases after 25 years is 0.045 cases per 10⁵ population per year. This was almost negligible (about 0.021 5%) compared with new cases by all causes after 25 years(about 209.2 cases per 10⁵ population per year). The resulting loss in average life expectancy was approximately 0.000 529 years/0.193 1 days. Acceptable levels and the possible reintervention or control measures had little impact on the risk. Even assuming that both the inorganic arsenic limit and rice consumption were reduced by half, the incidence of lung cancer only fell by 2.16%. Conclusion The study showed that changing the consumption structure and/or national standard limits had little significance to reduce the risk of inorganic arsenic in rice, and the current hypothetical scenario also had great limitations and uncertainties, but provided a framework for integration, evaluation and application of new information in the public health.