Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning in Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2017,and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention strategy. Methods The descriptive analysis was conducted on the incidence data of mushroom poisoning events in Jiangxi Province reported through foodborne disease outbreak reporting system from 2012 to 2017. Results A total of 120 mushroom poisoning events were reported with 463 poisoning cases and 19 deaths in Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2017.The case fatality was 4.1%. The year with the most incidence was 2015, accounting for 33.3%(40/120) of the total. The majority of the mushroom poisoning events occurred during May to August. More mushroom poisoning events were reported in Jiujiang, Yingtan, Ji’an and Fuzhou Districts. The most of the mushroom poisonings occurred in the home sittings,accounting for 92.5%(111/120) of total number of mushroom poisoning,and the prevalence rate of the poisoning events caused by the mushroom in rural areas was higher than urban areas. The main cause of mushroom poisoning was eating by mistake. Poisonous mushroom were Amanita fuliginea and Chlorophyllum. Conclusion Poisonous mushroom poisoning was the main cause of death from foodborne illness in Jiangxi Province.