Nutritional toxicology is a new discipline formed by the cross-integration of science of nutrition and toxicology, which mainly investigates the following aspects:adverse effects of excessive nutrients on human body and establishment of tolerable upper intake levels for nutrients, effects of nutrients against toxic effects and toxicokinetics of toxicants, effects of dietary-source toxic substances on nutrients and their metabolism and nutrient processes, risk-benefit assessment of nutrients/food (components), and on these basis, proposing corresponding preventive and control measures. After more than 30 years of development, discipline system of nutritional toxicology has improved gradually, and it will play a more important role in safeguarding food safety and promoting human health.