Objective To analyze the contamination of 11 organophosphorus pesticides in fresh vegetables from Yunnan Province and to assess the cumulative risk after chronic exposure. Methods Eleven organophosphorus pesticides content in fresh vegetables in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed, combined with the fresh vegetables consumption of National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2012, and hazard index method was used to assess the cumulative risk of organophosphate pesticides in Yunnan Province. Results The total detection rate of 11 organophosphorus pesticides in 2 150 samples was 14.1%(303/2 150),the exceeding standard rate was 4.3%(93/2 150).The result showed that the average hazard index of residents in Yunnan Province was 0.382 5 by hazard index method, the average hazard index of urban male (0.526 7) and urban low-income (0.489 0) were relatively high, but both less than 1. The chronic cumulative exposure contribution rate of omethoate was the highest(48.3%). Conclusion There was organophosphorus pesticide pollution of fresh vegetables in Yunnan Province, the risk of chronic accumulated exposure was low. Strengthening supervision of pesticide production and application still could not be ignored in order to control illegal use and abuse.