Objective To assess of the exposure risk and the potential health hazards of four heavy metals in aquatic products in Chinese residents. Methods Based on the concentration data of arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead collected in 2013-2017 and the food consumption data in China, the dietary exposures of the four heavy metals were estimated by semi-probabilistic model. The health guidance value or bench mark dose (BMD) was adopted to assess the potential health risks of the heavy metals. Results The exposures of Cd and CH₃Hg in the general population were lower than the corresponding health guidance value,except for the average cadmium exposure in women over 66 years of age. The Cd and CH₃Hg average exposure was more than 5% of the corresponding health guidance value, and the high-end exposure (P95) was more than 20% of that. Meanwhile the margin of exposure (MOE) for Pb and iAs were higher than 1. The average consumer exposure and high exposure (P95) of the four heavy metals in 2-6 years old group were the highest among all age groups in the whole population except the exposure to iAs. Sea crab and fish were the main sources of the dietary exposure contribution of the four heavy metals in aquatic products. Conclusion The exposures to lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic through aquatic products were at a relatively safe level, but it reached the level of management through the establishment of limit standards. Fish and sea crab were the main sources of the dietary exposure contribution of the four heavy metals in aquatic products.The heavy metal exposure of high-consuming population needs to be paid attention to. It was suggested that further studies on cumulative exposure assessment of heavy metals be carried out to clarify the cumulative exposure risk of heavy metals in aquatic products.