Objective To evaluate reproduction toxicity of GmDREB3 gene modified wheat in Wistar rats. Methods One hundred and eighty specific pathogen free healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into basic food control group,non-Gm wheat group and Gm wheat group,with 30 male and 30 female in each group, fed with AIN 93 diet, non-Gm wheat and Gm wheat, respectively. After 13 weeks, the rats mated with the same group and produced F1 baby rats. The following indexes were analyzed:the toxic manifestations of the F0 and F1, body weight, food utilization ratio, female hormone level, pathological changes of reproductive organ, viscera coefficient, the ratio of liver and brain, the ratio of spleen and brain, the reproduction indexes of F0. Body weight, body length, tail length, pathological changes of nerve on post natal day 21 (PND21) and immunological index on post natal day 56 (PND56), including lysozyme (LYS), diamine oxidase (DAO), secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and immunoglobulin E (IgE), were examined in F1 female rats. Results Compared with non-Gm groups, the liver coefficient decreased(P<0.01), spleen coefficient increased(P<0.05)and the ratio of spleen and brain increased(P<0.01)in F0 male rats, tail length of F1 rats in Gm wheat group were decreased(P<0.05)on PND0, PND4, PND7 and PND21. The other indexes in Gm wheat group rats had no obviously difference. ConclusionGmDREB3 gene modified wheat has no reproductive development toxicity in rats.