The mineral oil hydrocarbons (mineral oil hydrocarbons, MOHs) are complex mixtures comprising various type of hydrocarbons. Toxicological data for MOHs is currently relatively lacking. It is still controversial whether toxicological data from animal experiments can be extrapolated to the human body. The main concern about the toxicity of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) is their bioaccumulation effect, MOSH with carbon number in the range C₁₆-C₃₅ are able to accumulate in tissues and cause microgranulomas. Mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) containing 3 to 7 aromatic rings are considered to be potentially mutagenic and carcinogenic, and are potential endocrine disruptors. Thus, European Food Safety Authority concluded that the exposure to hydrocarbon minerals may pose a health concern. Food contact materials is one of main source of mineral oil contamination in foods. The contamination of mineral oil caused by use of recycled food packaging paper requires special attention and further control. In order to perform an accurate risk assessment on mineral oils, toxicological studies and exposure assessment on mixed and specific components of mineral oils should be carried out based on chemical composition rather than viscosity character.