Coffee is one of the three largest beverages in the world, which has been drinking for more than 1 000 years. With the change of dietary habits and the influence of western culture, coffee has become more and more popular in China. This article reviews the production and consumption of coffee, the main bioactive components of coffee, the health promotion and the potential risk of drinking coffee, which aims to provide a reference for a deeper understanding of the relationship between coffee and health and the value of coffee.