Objective Analyze the serotype distribution and drug resistance of Shigella from patients in Henan Province in 2016. Methods Fifty Shigella strains which were isolated from 2 896 diarrhea patients by 15 sentinel hospitals in Henan Province were tested for serotype and drug susceptibility with broth dilution method, and etiological food information were collected and analyzed statistically. Results Shigella flexneri and Shigella soonei were dominant serotype, among which Shigella flexneri 2a subtype was the No.1 pathogens, accounted for 52.0%(26/50), followed by Shigella soonei II phase accounted for 26.0%(13/50). For drug susceptibility test for 10 kinds of antibiotics, the antibiotics with high resistance for Shigella included nalidixic acid (100.0%,50/50), tetracycline (100.0%,50/50), ampicillin (98.0%,49/50) and sulfonamide (90.0%,45/50). Conclusion The multidrug resistance was serious.