Objective To analyze the outbreaks of mycetism in Hunan Province from aspects including temporal-spatial distribution and risk factors, and to provide scientific basis for the control of mushroom poisoning. Methods Surveillance data was acquired on mushroom poisoning in 122 districts and counties in Hunan Province during 2014 and 2016. Software ArcGIS 10.2 was used to establishi geographic information database of cases and spatial regression was conducted. Results 4 081 cases of mycetism was reported in the 122 districts and counties in Hunan during 2014 and 2016, the average annual incidence was 2.01/100 000, the average case fatality rate was 0.61% (25/4 081), and most of the cases occurred during June and September. Spatial aggregation of cases was detected with Moran's I=0.327, P<0.01. Spatial regression showed that incidence of mushroom poisoning was in positive correlation with average annual temperature, number of health institutions per capita, number of secondary school students, and in negative correlation with number of faculty and staff in secondary schools. Conclusion Hunan was among the high mycetism prevalence areas in China. There was spatial aggregation of incidents. Incidence of mushroom poisoning was in positive correlation with average annual temperature, number of health institutions per capita, number of secondary school students, and in negative correlation with number of faculty and staff in secondary schools.