Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristic of a food poisoning in Hebei Province, identify the wild mushroom species causing poisoning, and put forward effective prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemiological investigation, morphological identification and molecular biology identification were used to analyze the poisoning event. Results Eleven people were poisoned due to poisonous mushrooms, there were 3 deaths and the fatality rate was 27.27%. Mushrooms at the construction site were collected, and identified as Amanita subjunquillea, combined with morphological and molecular biology identification method. Conclusion Poisoning event caused by mistaken eating of Amanita subjunquillea was first reported in Hebei. In the future, measures for preventing and controlling poisoning should focus on strengthening the monitoring and health education, reminding people not to eat wild mushrooms.