To provide reference for the prevention and control of food poisoning caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus by investigating a food poisoning event in a temple. Methods Food poisoning field hygienic investigation, epidemiological investigation and laboratory detection were conducted. Through case control study and statistical analysis, the causes of poisoning and prevention countermeasures were put forward. Results This poisoning confirmed 28 cases, including 24 monks, 4 employees and visitors, and the attack rate of 5.6%(28/500). Field survey on July 20th found cross contamination during dinner process, and there was no difference (P>0.05) between the patients and the others. Patients, including the employees in the cafeteria, anal swab samples and the cooking tools were positive for Vibrio parahaemolyticus of serotypes O3∶K6, which was the cause of food poisoning. The possible explanation was the pathogen carried by the employees in the cafeteria and improper operation during that dinner. Conclusion This incident was a Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning. Relevant departments should pay attention to the food poisoning risk in temple and strengthen the regulatory monitoring and early warning to secure monks and visitors.