The purpose of this paper is to discuss the future development of the national food safety risk surveillance system according to the current situation and the existing problems in China. It's urgent to develop a basic theory to guide the surveillance, clarify the objective, improve the ability and strengthen the risk communication. It's important to optimize the work mechanism to improve surveillance ability of the technical institutions, ensure the effectiveness by updating working mode and using the social resources, and improve the national monitoring capability by technological innovation and data mining.