Obesity has emerged as an important public health problem in recent several decades, and been regarded as an important factor of female infertility as well. Many researchers focused on the impact of obesity on follicle and oocyte structure and function, because successful development and normal structure of ovarian follicle and oocyte were the basis of healthy female reproduction. Current evidence has indicated that obesity and its concomitant events impair the number and structure of oocyte and follicle in ovary, as well as its maturation development. It is recognized that obesity may induce above impairment through the disorders in oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, hormone and adipokines. However, the specific mechanism remained unclear. Future study is needed to elucidate the pathway through which obesity impairs the survival and development of ovarian follicles and oocytes, and propose reasonable measures against the impairment.