To investigate organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables daily consumed by local residents in a county of Yunnan Province.Methods In six villages of three townships in a country of Yunnan Province, 424 farmer families were interviewed using a questionnaire and 766 vegetable samples for households use were collected. PR-12N rapid detection instrument was used to detect organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues. Results 31.18% respondents reported that they used at least one of the prohibited pesticides in the last year. Chlordimeform ranked number followed by methamidophos, carbofuran, omethoate, and fonofos. There were 557 vegetable samples collected from household plots, of which, 34 samples were positive and the positive rate was 6.10%. Among the 51 vegetable samples of field planting, 7 samples were positive and the positive rate was 13.73%. Among the 158 market samples, 20 of them were positive and the positive rate was 12.66%.Conclusion Regulation need to be strengthened and comprehensive measures need to be taken in order to prevent abuse. Most vegetables consumed by local residents were from household plots, vegetables from the markets took certain proportion and the field plantings took the least proportion. All three categories had some positive samples, and the vegetable samples from markets had higher positive rate than from household plots. It was shown that farmers' self protection had limited effect because of the widespread of pesticides in the environment.