To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning events in Guizhou Province from 2004 to 2013, and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention strategy.Methods The descriptive analysis was conducted on the incidence data of mushroom poisoning events in Guizhou Province reported through "Public Health Emergency Reporting System of China Disease Prevention and Control System" and "Foodborne Disease Outbreak Reporting System" from 2004 to 2013. Results A total of 118 mushroom poisoning events were reported with 698 poisoning cases and 85 deaths in Guizhou Province from 2004 to 2013. The case fatality was 12.18%. Sporadic cases were the majority (62.71%), and cluster cases were 35.59%. The majority of the mushroom poisoning events occurred in summer and autumn, and most of them occurred in rural families.Conclusion The main cause of mushroom poisoning was eating by mistake. Measures should be taken to prevent mushroom poisoning, including strengthening the publicity and education, improving self-awareness of the public, training the doctors for diagnosis and treatment and early warning.