This article aims to promote the rational and scientific statistical analysis applied to food safety risk surveillance. The not-detected data, rate comparison, sample category and statistical analysis methods are discussed, and the characteristics of food safety risk surveillance data are analyzed and summarized. It is very important to apply a suitable and correct statistic analysis to obtain reliable, credible and comparable results, which would provide powerful support for monitoring. Otherwise, the conclusion of food safety risk surveillance would mislead the government supervision decisions, and consumers’ choices.