To study the effects of gestational and lactational exposure to bovine colostrum on the structure of uterus and the expression of estrogen receptor (ERα, ERβ) of the female offspring of Spraque-Dawley rats. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into bovine colostrum and control group and fed before mating and during gestation and lactation with bovine colostrum diet and normal diet. Female offsprings were sacrificed after maturity and uteri and ovaries were removed for weighing. The hormone levels in serum were determined and the uteri were used for pathological examination. Expressions of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen β (ERβ) in uterus were examined using immunohistochemical method. ResultsThere was no significant difference in the female offsprings’ body weight and ratio of uterus and ovary weight to body weight between bovine colostrum diet and control diet (P>0.05). Bovine colostrum diet significantly increased the level of prolactin(PRL) in serum (P<0.05). Additionally, the development of uterus was normal and the expression of ERα and ERβ had no significant difference between bovine colostrum group and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion The gestational and lactational exposure to bovine colostrum did not cause significant influence on the development of uterus and expressions of ERα and ERβ.