Abstract: Objective To analyze the foodborne disease outbreaks surveillance data in 2023, and provide the basis for the government to formulate prevention and control strategies and regulatory measures for foodborne diseases. Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted on the foodborne disease outbreaks Surveillance data collected through National Foodborne Outbreak Surveillance System. Results in 2023, 31 provinces, autonomous regions ,municipalities and Xinjiang production and Construction Corps reported a total of 6 960 outbreaks of foodborne diseases, with 30 237 cases and 90 deaths, mainly from June to September. The number of poisonous mushroom poisoning was the highest, accounting for 44.35% of the total incidents, an increase of 84.74% compared with 2022. Household poisonous mushroom poisoning accounted for 89.93%, an increase of 91.58% compared with 2022. The number of biological outbreaks accounted for 10.40% of the total outbreaks, with an increase of 40.86% compared with 2022. Biological outbreaks in catering service places accounted for 77.89% of the total outbreaks, with an increase of 43.51% compared with 2022. The top three pathogen food combinations were Vibrio parahaemolyticus—aquatic products, Salmonella—egg and egg products, and Salmonella—meat and meat products, accounting for 27.61%, 12.88% and 11.78% of the total cases, respectively. Conclusions Vibrio parahaemolyticus—aquatic products and their products, Salmonella—eggs and egg products, and Salmonella—meat and meat products are the combinations that need to be priority controlled.