Objective? To analyze the re-inspection results of four types of aflatoxins in wheat and its products inspected in Henan Province in 2023,a simple evaluation method was attempted to establish. Methods A total of 51 samples, including 31 wheat and wheat product samples from 15 prefecture-level cities in the province (with one city having an additional sample) and 20 wheat and wheat flour samples from 10 cities under the provincial emergency monitoring project, were tested using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with internal standard method. The relative deviation (RD) of the detection results for aflatoxin (TeA), T-2 toxin (TEN), ochratoxin A (AOH), and ochratoxin A methyl ester (AME) was statistically analyzed to evaluate the detection performance of different testing institutions and projects. Results The provincial disease control laboratory showed better performance in controlling data variability, with 60.4% of RD data points within 0.3, followed by the special project laboratory, and the nine prefecture-level city laboratories showed the lowest performance. Among the four detection projects, TeA and TEN showed high sensitivity and good response, with 64.7% of RD data points within 0.3, while AOH and AME showed relatively poor performance;The higher numerical level of the result quality is better than a lower level.Conclusion The stratification of RD indicates the quality of detection data, reflecting the consistency and accuracy of the detection process and the level of quality control of the detection projects. By analyzing the RD of different detection projects, the detection quality can be effectively identified. Most of the detection results of the samples have high consistency, indicating that the detection institutions have performed well overall. However, some detection projects or areas have higher relative deviations, requiring more attention and improvement. Further investigation of the causes and adoption of corresponding measures to reduce variability is needed to provide a basis for subsequent quality control.