贵州省市售香辛料霉菌及毒素污染状况研究
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贵州省疾病预防控制中心

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贵州省卫生健康委科学技术基金项目(gzwkj2023-491);贵州省传染病预防与控制人才基地科研团队(RCJD2105);贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2021]一般435号);贵州省微生物组与传染性疾病防控重点实验室(ZDSYS[2023]004)


Contaminations of mold and mycotoxin in spices sold in Guizhou province
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Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention

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Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Health Commission (gzwkj2023-491);Guizhou Talent Base Research Team of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (RCJD2105);Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Support Project (Qiankehe support [2021] General No. 435); Guizhou Key Laboratory of Microbio and Infectious Disease Prevention & Control (ZDSYS[2023]004)

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    摘要:

    目的 了解贵州省市售香辛料的霉菌及毒素污染状况,为制定污染控制措施提供科学依据。方法 2022-2023年采集贵州省市售香辛料260份,按照食品安全国家标准检测方法(GB4789.15)进行霉菌计数,采用形态学和质谱对分离霉菌进行种属鉴定。并随机从阳性样品中抽取52份检测黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2和赭曲霉毒素。结果 72.31%(188/260)的样品检出霉菌,污染水平平均值为5.1×103 CFU/g。所有种类、不同包装类型的香辛料样品均检出霉菌,不同季度采集的样品检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。样品主要污染曲霉属、根霉属、毛霉属和青霉属的霉菌,其中34.14%(155/454)为产毒霉菌。真菌毒素的总检出率为48.08%(25/52),主要污染AFTB2和OTA,13.46%(7/52)的样品同时检出两种及以上真菌毒素。预包装样品的AFTG1的检出率显著高于散装样品,AFTB1的超标率为5.77%(3/52)。结论 贵州省市售香辛料样品存在霉菌及其毒素污染,建议加强对香辛料的监测与管理,为开展风险评估,发展与完善相关标准提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    Objective To understand the mold and mycotoxin contamination status of spices sold in Guizhou province, and to provide scientific basis for formulating pollution control measures. Mthods A total of 260 samples of sold spice were collected from 2022 to 2023 in Guizhou province. Mold counting of these samples were detected according to the national food safety standard (GB 4789.15), and isolated molds were identified using morphology and mass spectrometry methods. Fifty-two mold positive samples were randomly selected to detecte aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and ochratoxin. Results 72.31% (188/260) of the samples were contaminated with mold, with an average contamination level of 5.1×103 CFU/g. Molds were detected in all types and different packaging types of spice samples. There was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of samples collected in different quarters (P<0.05). The samples mainly contaminated mold of genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Mucor and Penicillium, of which 34.14% (155/454) were toxin producing mold. The total detection rate of mycotoxins was 48.08% (25/52), mainly including AFTB2 and OTA. Two or more mycotoxins were detected simultaneously in 13.46% (7/52) of the samples. The detection rate of AFTG1 in prepackaged samples was significantly higher than that in bulk samples. The exceeding rate of AFTB1 was 5.77% (3/52). Conclusion There was mold and mycotoxin contamination in spices sold in Guizhou Province. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring and management of spices to provide scientific basis for risk assessment and developing relevant standards.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-03
  • 最后修改日期:2024-10-22
  • 录用日期:2024-10-29
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