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FANG Haiqin, DENG Taotao, WANG Yongting
2024,36(8):899-904, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.001
Abstract:
Nutrition legislation is of great significance to promote the national nutrition work and improve the nutrition and health status of the people. It is also the key to help build a healthy China and realize a well-off society in an all-round way. This paper discusses the necessity of China’?s current nutrition legislation and the significance of promoting nutrition legislation and fully implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Analyzed from the aspects of promoting the improvement of nutrition and health， promoting social and economic development， improving the working mechanism， improving the system of nutrition laws and regulations， and strengthening the technical support of nutrition work. This paper expounds the significance of nutrition legislation to the implementation of healthy China strategy and the promotion of national nutrition improvement.
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HE Huali, FAN Jicai, WANG Dafang, BIAN Tianbin, REN Ren
2024,36(8):905-909, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.002
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the contamination level of 3-monochloropropane-1，2-diol ester （3-MCPDEs） and 2-monochloropropane-1，3-diol ester （2-MCPDEs） in edible vegetable oils sold in Hangzhou City， and provide technical support for further study.Methods Non-derivatization gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to determine 3-MCPDEs and 2-MCPDEs in edible vegetable oil.Results In 330 samples of 13 kinds of edible vegetable oils， the detection rate of 3-MCPDEs was 96.4%， the content range was ND-7.98 mg/kg， the average value was 0.77 mg/kg， the detection rate of 2-MCPDEs was 86. 4%， the content range was ND-3.53 mg/kg，the average value was 0.36 mg/kg. From the perspective of vegetable oil varieties， the mean values of tea oil， rice oil and sesame oil were relatively high， and the mean values of olive oil， walnut oil， linseed oil and sunflower oil were relatively low.Conclusion The contamination of MCPDEs is common in edible vegetable oils， and the severity of contamination is affected by the types and brands of vegetable oils.
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LI Zhan, HUANG Zhenzhou, LI Shoufei, KANG Ying, YAN Aixia, WANG Miao, WANG Yuanyuan, WANG Luotong, ZHANG Maojun, WANG Fengshuang, LI Ying
2024,36(8):910-915, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.003
Abstract:
Objective To provide experience for the response to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin （SEs） poisoning outbreak， lab test and whole genome sequencing （WGS） technology was used to analyze a SEs poisoning outbreak.Methods Suspected contaminated food， anal swabs and environmental smear samples in this event was collected. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） for five SEs （SEA， SEB， SEC， SED， SEE）， and real time PCR for genes of SEs （sea， seb， sec， sed， see） were performed. Drug resistance phenotype and WGS were performed in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from samples， and a cgSNP evolutionary tree was constructed.Results SEs were negative for three suspected contaminated foods. Real time PCR for enrichment solution of the three suspected contaminated foods were all nuc+/seb+， and 9 isolates of seb+ S. aureus were isolated from three suspicious contaminated foods， among which two isolates of type t78 and one isolate of type t437 from food 1， and the isolates from food 2 and food 3 were all type t437， with the same spa typing isolates having the same drug-resistant phenotype. Two isolates of S. aureus were isolated from one environmental smear， which negative for five SEs genes and presenting the same type t571. Three independent and genetically distant branches were formed in a cgSNP evolutionary tree constructed based on nine food isolates and two environmental isolates of S. aureus. Nine food isolates were positive for SEB by ELISA.Conclusion This incident is a suspected SEB intoxication， and whole genome sequencing may provide more comprehensive bioinformatic data to respond to such incidents.
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QIAN Lu, LIANG Shengnan, DONG Jing, XU Xuefang, HU Bin, ZHANG Xiangyuan, CUI Fangyuan, CHENG Lihong, DOU Jibo
2024,36(8):916-921, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.004
Abstract:
Objective Laboratory analyses were performed for a case of suspected botulinum poisoning incident that occurred in November 2023，and to analyze the whole genome of the strain of C.botulinum type A isolated.Methods Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction is applied to rapidly detect botulinum toxin genes in food， case feces and environmental samples. According to GB 4789.12—2016，the samples were subjected to pre-treatment.After being inoculated with blister meat culture medium and TPGYT culture medium for 5 d of enrichment， toxin detection，confirmation，and qualitative experiments were conducted through animal experiments.The strains were isolated and purified using egg yolk agar plates，and identified using API 20A and VITEK MS.Simultaneously，WGS was performed on the isolated strains to analyze their genetic characteristics.Results The fecal sample of the case was positive for type A botulinum toxin gene， and type A botulinum toxin was detected through animal experiments. C.botulinum type A RD1 and RD2 was successfully isolated using egg yolk agar plates，all other samples were negative.Whole genome sequencing analysis showed that the bacterium is C.botulinum，with a total of 12 toxin coding related genes and 3 phage sequences on the chromosome.Wg-SNPs analysis showed that RD1 and RD2 has the closest genetic relationship with BrDura.Conclusion This experiment was identified according to national standards and the fluorescence quantitative PCR method established in our laboratory. The detection plan and results provide reference for clinical type A botulism.
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WANG Shuting, GONG Like, XUE Ming, HE Huali, REN Ren
2024,36(8):922-927, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.005
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of 24 elements in 5 edible parts of Pseudosciaena crocea from Hangzhou market.Methods From March 2022 to April 2023， 51 Pseudosciaena crocea samples were collected from Hangzhou market. Twenty-four elements in the supraaxial muscle， infraaxial muscle， fish skin， swim bladder and gonad of samples were measured by ICP-MS after microwave digestion. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were combined to explore the characteristics in the edible parts， such as the correlation between elements， the distribution differences between edible parts.Results In the 5 edible parts， Zn， Fe showed highest average content. The average content of essential trace elements （such as Mn， Fe， Co） and pollution elements （such as Pb， Cd， As） in gonads， fish skin， and swim bladder were higher than muscle parts. Fish skin and gonad samples were both exceeding the limit value at the rate of 3.9%. There were obvious correlations between multiple elements in various edible parts （correlation coefficient was 0.702~0.992）. The distributional difference mainly focused on Sr， Ti， Ba， V and other elements.Conclusion There was a certain degree of contamination of Cd in the edible parts of Pseudosciaena crocea samples from Hangzhou market. The distribution of elements showed obvious difference between different edible parts. These characteristics of Pseudosciaena crocea should receive more attention in the contamination monitoring， dietary assessment， resource exploiting， product development and other related work.
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LI Huihui, ZHANG Liang, LI Duxing, WANG Lili, ZHANG Tao
2024,36(8):928-933, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.006
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the serotype distribution， drug resistance and molecular typing of non-typhoidal Salmonella （NTS） strains in pork sold in Zaozhuang area.Methods NTS strains were serotyped by slide agglutination method. The broth microdilution method was performed to determine the resistance of NTS to 14 antibiotics. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） was applied for molecular typing， and the strain clustering was analyzed by BioNumerics 7.6 software.Results Thirty strains of NTS were divided into 15 serotypes， and the main serotypes were Salmonella rissen （26.67%， 8/30） and Salmonella derby （16.67%， 5/30）. The resistance rate of NTS strains to tetracycline was 80.00%， ampicillin was 76.67%， compound sulfamethoxazole was 63.33%， and the multi-drug resistance rate was 66.67%. There were 46.67% of the strains were resistant to four antibiotics （ampicillin， tetracycline， chloramphenicol and compound sulfamethoxazole）. The PFGE bands were polymorphic without obvious regional aggregation， and the most concentrated were those of S. rissen.Conclusion The NTS strains in the pork sold in Zaozhuang area are mainly S. rissen and S. derby. The drug resistance rates to tetracycline， ampicillin and compound sulfa are high with severe multi-drug resistance. The molecular typing map shows polymorphism.
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CUI Ying, ZHANG Guangwei, WANG Yu, QI Haoyu, QIU Zhengyong, ZHANG Meng, LI Hui, LI Yongli, DIAO Linqi
2024,36(8):934-940, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.007
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the contamination status， serotype， drug resistance and molecular typing characteristics of Salmonella in retail food in Henan province in 2021.Methods According to the Manual for National Food Safety Risk Monitoring （2021）， retail food was collected from 36 monitoring sites in Henan， Salmonella were tested.Results A total of 2 074 food samples were collected from 36 monitoring sites， with a total positive rate of 1.40% （29/2 074）. The highest detection rate of Salmonella was obtained from meat and meat products （6.21%， 20/322）. Contamination of Salmonella was the highest in farmers’ markets （2.61%， 11/421）. All Salmonella were detected in bulk food and none in prepackaged food. The detection rate in summer and autumn （1.52%， 26/1 714） was higher than that in winter and spring （0.83%， 3/360）， but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant （χ2=1.008，P>0.05）. The 30 Salmonella isolates were serotyped into 20 distinct serovars and Group B was the most prevalent （43.33%， 13/30）. The highest proportion serotype were Salmonella Agona 10.00% （3/30） and Salmonella Delpy 10.00% （3/30）. 30 strains of Salmonella produced a total of 29 PFGE band types， the similarity was within 49.5%~100.0%. There were only two strains with 100% similar PFGE band pattern.Conclusion The contamination rate of Salmonella in food in Henan province is high， and the drug resistance is relatively serious. There is a large proportion of multiple drug resistance， but there is no obvious dominant drug resistance spectrum. The serotypes of Salmonellas were polymorphic and there was no obvious dominant serotype. The PFGE types showed diversity， and there was no obvious dominant type， indicating that foodborne Salmonella in He’nan Province has a highly sporadic epidemic characteristics.
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ZHOU Yingying, NING Junyu, LIANG Jiang
2024,36(8):941-950, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.008
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the health impacts of Nivalenol （NIV）.Methods By conducting literature retrieval， deduplication， screening， and organization through literature databases and professional institutional websites both domestically and internationally， the hazards of NIV was assessed based on toxicological information extracted from the ultimately selected literature.Results High-dose oral exposure to NIV commonly resulted in vomiting as the predominant symptom. Subchronic and chronic toxicity studies demonstrated that exposure to NIV primarily induces leukopenia， posing hazards to the immune， hematopoietic systems， and growth and development. Additionally， NIV exhibited combined toxicity with deoxynivalenol.Conclusion Long-term exposure to NIV at high doses may induce immunotoxicity and reproductive developmental toxicity in the organism， as well as sensitive toxic effects such as reduced white blood cell count.
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OUYANG Yingying, GONG Chenrui, DAI Shiyu, ZHANG Qin, LI Jingjing, ZHANG Chi, LIU Shuang
2024,36(8):951-954, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.009
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of mushroom poisoning in Hubei Province， and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of mushroom poisoning.Methods Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning incidents reported by the foodborne disease monitoring subsystem of the Hubei Provincial Nutrition and Food Hygiene Information Management Platform from 2021 to 2023.Results A total of 134 incidents of mushroom poisoning were reported in Hubei Province， with 384 cases and 6 deaths， resulting in a mortality rate of 1.56%. In 2023， the number of reported events and the number of cases were the highest， accounting for 53.73% and 55.73% of the total， respectively. The event mainly occurred from July to September； Yichang City and Wuhan City are high-risk areas for mushroom poisoning； Families are the main place of occurrence of mushroom poisoning （95.52%， 128/134）， with rural households having a higher number of incidents than urban households， and deaths mainly occurring in rural households. 49.25% of cases of mushroom poisoning identified the type of mushroom， and there were 4 incidents with clear results of mushroom toxin testing.Conclusion Toxic mushroom poisoning is the main cause of foodborne disease outbreaks and deaths in Hubei Province. Measures should be taken to shift the focus forward， and appropriate methods should be adopted to promote science in key areas and populations before the high incidence season of toxic mushroom poisoning arrives. Wild mushrooms should be avoided， and sampling and identification of toxic mushrooms should be strengthened to provide scientific suggestions for hospital treatment.
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LYU Meiru, XIANG Chun, SU Chang, HUANG Feifei, WANG Huijun, JIA Xiaofang, DU Wenwen
2024,36(8):955-961, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.010
Abstract:
Objective To provide a scientific basis for guiding rational vegetable consumption， the trend of vegetable consumption among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2018 was understood， and the factors affecting vegetable consumption were analyzed.Methods The data for analyzing of trends in vegetable consumption among Chinese adults from 1991 to 2018 were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS） conducted in 1991， 2000， 2011， and 2018. The survey included a total of 36 571 participants. Information on vegetable consumption was collected using a 3 d 24 h dietary recall method， and the average daily vegetable consumption per individual was calculated. Descriptive analysis and trend tests were used to describe and analyze changes trends in vegetable consumption over the years. In addition， a quantitative regression analysis was conducted in 2018 to identify factors influencing vegetable consumption among Chinese adults.Results Vegetable consumption among adult residents in China has shown a downward trend. Average vegetable consumption decreased from 345.3 g/d in 1991 to 265.0 g/d in 2018 （P<0.05）. Similarly， the median vegetable consumption decreased from 315.8 g/d in 1991 to 242.6 g/d in 2018 （P<0.05）. The proportion of dark vegetables in total vegetable consumption decreased from 23.5% in 1991 to 21.3% in 2018 （P<0.05）. The proportion of daily vegetable consumption reaching the minimum recommended intake of Chinese residents （300 g/d） decreased from 53.8% in 1991 to 34.7% in 2018 （P<0.05）. Age， gender， and place of residence were important factors affecting vegetable consumption among Chinese adults.Conclusion From 1991 to 2018， vegetable consumption among Chinese adults showed a decreasing trend， especially in the consumption of dark vegetables. Individuals aged from 18 to 44， females， and urban residents had lower vegetable intake. To address this issue， it is recommended that targeted initiatives be implemented to increase vegetable consumption among different population groups.
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LI Hongqiu, GUO Yunchang, LIU Zhitao, SONG Jian, ZHOU Li, YANG Xiaorong, JIA Huayun, LIU Jikai, LI Weiwei, HAN Haihong, FAN Penghui, LI Ning, FU Ping
2024,36(8):962-967, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.011
Abstract:
Objective The epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in China’?s Mainland in 2022 were analyzed to provide scientific basis for further prevention and control strategies adjustment.Methods The epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of foodborne disease data collected by National Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Surveillance System in 2022 were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results A total of 4 902 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in China’?s Mainland， resulting in 24 282 illnesses and 90 deaths from 30 provinces （autonomous regions and municipalities） and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps， excluding Xizang （Tibet） Autonomous Region. Among 3 028 outbreaks with a single confirmed etiology， poisonous mushroom caused the largest percentage of outbreaks and deaths， accounting for 54.13% （1 639/3 028） and 55.95% （47/84） respectively； microbial pathogens were the most common cause of outbreaks， accounting for the largest illnesses 38.43% （6 106/15 887）. About location of foodborne disease outbreaks， private homes accounted for 59.96% of outbreaks （2 939/4 902） and 96.67 % of deaths （87/90）. Food service settings had the largest illnesses 55.94% （13 583/24 282）.Conclusion Wild poisonous mushrooms， aconitum and methanol are the main causes of death； Microbial pathogens caused the most illnesses and remained the main pathogenic factors in restaurants and school canteens. The supervision and management of food safety and health education and medical treatment according to the characteristics of different types of food poisoning incidents should be taken.
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XIA Xin, TENG Jingjing, BAO Junhui, FENG Xueqing, DING Gang
2024,36(8):968-975, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.012
Abstract:
Dendrobium Huoshanense is a local characteristic product in Anhui province with a long history of use. Presently， it exhibits promising prospects as a food and medicinal ingredient， attracting significant attention in the realm of functional research. Simultaneously， the safety assessment of Dendrobium Huoshanense and its products is increasingly gaining recognition. This paper reviews recent studies on the physicochemical properties of Dendrobium Huoshanense and the evaluation of safety for related products and provides a detailed summary and explanation of the functional effects of Huoshan Dendrobium， including immune regulation， antioxidant activity， regulation of blood glucose and blood lipids， anti-inflammatory， anti-tumor， and liver protection. The synthesis of safety and functional research findings on Dendrobium Huoshanense serves as a valuable reference for further exploration of its potential in promoting health and medicinal applications.
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2024,36(8):976-981, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.013
Abstract:
Bisphenol AF （BPAF） is a kind of bisphenol A analogue. With the promulgation of the EU to ban or restricting the use of BPA in a variety of places， a large number of BPA analogues have emerged. The production of BPAF is increasing due to its excellent toughness and other characteristics. Based on a large number of BPAF laboratory studies， this paper sorts out the toxicological data of BPAF from the aspects of reproductive toxicity， developmental toxicity， endocrine toxicity， immunotoxicity， and neurotoxicity， summarizes the toxic effects of BPAF， provides ideas for scientific research， and provides policy basis for scientific management.
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ZHANG Huina, XIONG Peng, LU Zhi, WANG Lei, WANG Lu
2024,36(8):982-988, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.014
Abstract:
Cronobacter， a Gram-negative foodborne conditioned pathogen， is commonly found in both food and the natural environment， and causes neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis （NEC）， septicemia， and meningitis. The O antigen， which is the outermost structure of the lipopolysaccharide （LPS） in Gram-negative bacteria， serves as a crucial target for the host immune system. The genes responsible for synthesizing the O antigen are typically organized in clusters on the bacterial genome， known as O-antigen gene clusters （O-AGC）， and exhibit a high degree of specificity. The O antigen holds considerable importance in the identification and the serotyping of Gram-negative strains， exhibiting notable efficacy in epidemiological inquiry， disease prevention and control， as well as expedited detection. This article seeks to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advancements in O antigen typing of Cronobacter， examining its correlation with the O antigens of other Enterobacteriaceae. Additionally， the paper aims to explore the application and potential of O antigen， while summarizing the diverse characteristics of Cronobacter O antigen. It is hoped to facilitate further research on Cronobacter O antigen and enhance prevention and control measures for Cronobacter， thereby offering a valuable reference for food safety.
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LANG Zhetao, WEI Ran, WANG Erhui
2024,36(8):989-994, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2024.08.015
Abstract:
Fluorine is an element widely distributed in the environment， an essential trace element for human body， and also considered as a common environmental pollutant. In recent years， many studies have shown that fluoride exerts male reproductive toxicity， which is characterized by abnormal testicular and epididymis structure， decreased sperm quality， abnormal secretion of reproductive hormones， and weakened antioxidant enzyme activity in testis. In this paper， the toxicity of fluoride exposure to male reproductive system and related regulatory mechanisms are reviewed， so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of fluoride-induced male reproductive damage.
Volume 36,2024 Issue 8
Nutrition Legislation for Healthy China Initiative
Study Reports
Experimental Technique and Method
Investigation
Risk Assessment
Risk Monitoring
Applied Nutrition
Foodborn Disease
Review
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Evaluation index system for biomedical innovation ability system in China
Abstract:
Objective Biomedical innovation has become the main battlefield of global science and technology competition， to explore the evaluation index system for biomedical innovation ability system， and to provide theoretical tools and new perspectives for the evaluation of biomedical innovation ability in China.Methods This article determines the key factors that affect biomedical innovation by literature investigation， Delphi expert consultation， normalization method based on expert score， principal component analysis and other methods.ResultsConclusion This article establishes an index system for biomedical innovation capability， the current status of biomedical innovation system in China was evaluated， and it was found that the policy environment， the number of researchers and the investment of R&D institutions played an important role in the development of biomedical innovation capacity in China， to provide support for enhancing China's biomedical innovation capability.
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Determination of Sorbic，Benzoic acid in oily bean curd by gas chromatography
Abstract:
Objective To develop a method to detect benzoic，sorbic acid in high-fat foods like oily bean curd by capillary gas chromatography．Methods The samples were eliminated matrix interference by NaOH-ZnSO4，extracted by ultrasonic extraction，then filtered，centrifuged，acidized，extracted by ether，evaporated to dry，fixed using anhydrous ethanol and finally determined by capillary gas chromatography． Results The linear range was 0-300μg/ml (r＞0.9990). the lowest detecting limits of sorbic，benzoic acid were 1mg/kg．The relative standard deviation was 1.07-3.14%， The recovery was 90.6-101.8%．Conclusion This method is simple，rapid accurate and reliable to detect the benzoic，sorbic acid of high-fat foods like oily bean curd．
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Determination of Dietary Fiber in Foods: Key Points and Use
Abstract:
The definition of dietary fiber (DF) includes multiple meanings such as material structure, physiological and biological effects. So, to accurate evaluate DF level in foods, it’s necessary to grasp scientific concepts and rigorous measurement techniques. Now, the new version of the National Food Safety Standard: Determination of Dietary Fiber in Foods （GB 5009.88-2023）has been implemented in China. Compared to pre-version, high-performance liquid chromatography technique is added with enzyme weight methods, making the detection scope expanded. For better understanding the method to use, this article summaries the relation of determination methods to definition development, interprets in details about the principles, determination pathway and steps, and result expression. Simultaneously, the application scope of the method and its connection with other national standards has also been discussed.
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ZOU Zhi-fei, PU Min, LI Jian-jun, CHEN Yong-hong
2010,22(2):112-120, DOI:
Abstract:
Food color was divided into three categories,that was tar pigments, natural pigments and others. Edible tar pigment was classified to azo, triarylmethane, xanthene, fluorescent ketone, quinoline derivatives and indigo dye, and natural pigment was classified to tetrapyrroles (porphyrins) derivatives, isoprene derivatives, anthocyanin derivatives, ketone derivatives, quinone derivatives and the others according to their chemical structure.There are INS,E-number,C.I and the code about synthetic pigment in some countries in food color.The regulations and the use varieties about food color of China, CAC, Russia, EU, US, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong , Macao and China Taiwan was introduced respectively. Comparison analysis about differences in formulation of food additicve standard, prohibition about colour variety, attitude about usage of edible tar colour, and colour variety (tar colur,natural colour and others),scope and limits about color usage were performed with comparative analysis. Color usage in the produce of export food in accordance with standard of destination , focus on variety and limit of colour in import food according to their sources was proposed, and trends about usage of food color was Prospect ed also.
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Wang Huali, Zhang Jiyue, Zhang Jianbo
2011,23(6):571-575, DOI:
Abstract:
According to The Law of Food Safety,the related requirements of the State Council and the Ministry of Public Health,and the program of systemic revision of national food safety standards,the Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives(GB 2760—2007) was revised by the National Institute of Nutrition and Food safety of China CDC in 2011.The revised parts are mainly on the regulations of using food additives,food processing aids and flavorings.The revision of the National food safety standard-...
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2004(4), DOI:
Abstract:
The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taipei, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre-market approval system or a preview (pre-market registered) system, been elaborated and analyzed. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.
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2012,24(5):438-440, DOI:
Abstract:
目的优选QuEChERS方法中黄瓜拟除虫菊酯类农药残留净化剂的最佳组合。方法采用正交实验法,以农药加标回收率(气相色谱法)为指标,考察净化剂PSA(N-丙基乙二胺)、C18(C18烷基-硅胶)、GCB(石墨化炭黑)三因素的影响。结果重复试验表明,10 g黄瓜2 ml定容液净化剂的最佳组合是A2B1C2,即0.075 g PSA,0.025 g C18,0.050 g GCB。结论正交试验法用于优选蔬菜中农药残留检测的QuEChERS净化剂组合,既可节省试剂,又能满足检测需要。
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ZHANG Xi-meng, ZENG Jing, WEI Hai-yan, FU Pu-bo, HAN Xiao
2013,25(4):320-323, DOI:
Abstract:
To investigate antibiotic resistance of Cronobacter sakazakii isolated from imported dairy products. Methods100strains of Cronobacter sakazakii were tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion recommended by the National Committee of Clinical laboratory Standard. Results All strains were sensitive to Mezlocillin, Imipenem, Meropenem, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Kanamycin, Tobramycin, Chloramphenicol, Cefepime, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime Sodium, Ceftazidime, Pentahydrate, Ciprofloxacin and Norfloxacin, while resistant to Proctaphlin Sodium. The ratio of resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefalotin, Cefazolin Sodium, Sodium and Tetracycline was 65%, 17%, 3% and 2%, respectively. The ratio of intermediate resistant strains to Ampicillin, Cefazolin Sodium, Cefalotin Sodium, Ceftriaxone Sodium, Tetracycline was 25%, 23%, 6%, 2% and 1% respectively. 13strains were multiresistant to 3kinds of antibiotics and 4strain was multiresistant. ConclusionCronobacter sakazakii strains isolated from imported dairy products were susceptible to most of the tested antibiotics, but resistance were increasing. In this study, All drug resistant strains to oxacillin. Hereby, the issue of Cronobacter sakazakii multiresistance should arouse abroad attention worldwide.
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2011,23(1):13-16, DOI:
Abstract:
The result of food safety risk assessment is the scientific basis for formulating the food safety standards and for exercising food safety supervision and administration. To exert the effects of food safety risk assessment in supervision and administration, some countries established specific agencies for food safety risk assessment, as well as in China with National Food Safety Risk Assessment Expert Committee. Despite that there is still a long way to go for China in food safety risk assessment compared to developed countries, the technologies applied in formulating food safety standards, handling of food safety accidents and risk communications exerted significant effect. However, we still need to promote constructions building in system of food safety risk assessment from the aspects of organizations, capacities and technologies in risk assessment and human resources considering the situation of food safety and needs of food safety supervision.
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LEI Xiaoling, ZENG Shaokui, JIANG Zhihong, ZHANG Chaohua, WU Hongmian
2005(1), DOI:
Abstract:
The microbe change in export frozen shrimp(shrimp meat,headless shrimp)at different stages of processing was reported.The bacterial contamination of utensils,equipment environment was checked.The results demonstrated that the aerobic plate counts of export frozen shrimp generally were up to the standard.Coliforms sometimes exceed the standard.Pathogens were not detected.Aerobic plate counts of utensils and equipment often go beyond the standard.
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HE Qing-hua, WU Yong-ning, YIN Yu-long
2007(5), DOI:
Abstract:
If over-dose biogenic amines were eaten, it may have deleterious impacts on human and animals. To illustrate the effects of biogenic amines in food on human, the source, influential factors, metabolism and toxicological research of biogenic amines were briefly reviewed.
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ZHOU Su-juan, , , WAN Chao, BAI Hong
2010,22(2):143-146, DOI:
Abstract:
Objectives To investigate the current status of single raw material health foods registration in China. Methods The registration of 419 single raw material health foods from the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in the period of 2003-2007 were studied and analyzed, including the registration number, function claims, material categories and active ingredients, etc. Results The number of single raw material health foods accounted for 13.1% of total registered functional foods in this period. Half of the function claims were enhancing immune function. The active ingredients were nonspecific. The most common ingredients were polysaccharide, total saponins and total flavonoid. The chief categories of component were traditional Chinese material, foodstuff, edible fungi and algae. Conclusions The use of extracted materials might bring potential quality and safety issues because of no unified standards and processing technique. It is necessary to standardize management for extracted materials urgently. Take the single raw material products as a trial to seek a simplified mode for the registration and management of health foods.
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2004(5), DOI:
Abstract:
The comparative study was conducted on the regulations and standards in related with health food or health claim control in the countries or regions of Chinese Mainland, Australia, European Union, Japan, USA and Chinese Taiwan, taking Codex Alimentarius Commission as reference. The analysis is focus on the similarities and differences on the part of the definition, legal status, the requirements for product composition and form and the procedure of safety and functional evaluation among these countries or regions, in an attempt to find out the background information and scientific evidence for the relevant regulations and standards. The administration patterns of health food or health claim by the authorities of individual countries or regions, i.e. whether it is a pre market approval system or a preview (pre market registered) system, have been elaborated and analyzed in this tert. To the improvement of health food control system in China, some proposals and recommendations were made based on the analysis of the merits and defects thereof, and technical evidence was provided for the international coordination in the future.
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ZHANG Wen-zhong, LI Ning, LI Rong
2008(3), DOI:
Abstract:
目的探索反式白藜芦醇经口摄入后，在体内的雌激素作用和剂量一反应关系。方法选用19日龄未成年大鼠做子宫增重试验，分别经灌胃给予0．1、0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW的白藜芦醇，以3．0p∥kgBW的雌二醇为阳性对照，并设立水和油的阴性对照组，所有剂量组连续灌胃3d。实验结束称量子宫的湿重和干重，对卵巢、子宫和阴道进行组织病理学检查，并测量子宫内膜上皮细胞高度。结果和对照组比较，白藜芦醇对子宫重量无影响；组织病理学结果显示，1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的子宫轻度增生，0．3、0．6和1．0g／kgBW白藜芦醇剂量组的阴道轻度增生，无剂量-反应关系；受试物组子宫内膜上皮细胞高度无明显变化。结论白藜芦醇经口摄入时雌激素作用较弱，且无剂量-反应关系。
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SUN Yan-bin, SUN Ting, DONG Shu-xiang, LI Shi-kai, ZHONG Qing, ZHANG Jun
2015,27(4):441-446, DOI: 10.13590/j.cjfh.2015.04.020
Abstract:
To understand the distribution characteristics of heavy metal contamination in dairy products, and to evaluate the status and the extent of heavy metal contamination.Methods The contents of Pb, total-Hg, Cd, Cr and total-As in raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, infant formula and milk powder during 2012-2013 were detected. Single factor contamination index method and comprehensive contamination index method of Nemerow were used to evaluate the contamination level according to the grading standard of agriculture product quality. Results The detection rate of Pb, total-As, total-Hg, Cd and Cr were 14.0%(21/150), 24.7%(37/150), 82.0%(109/133), 26.3%(35/133)and 72.9%(43/59) in dairy products, respectively. Pb in raw milk and Cd in sterilized milk were not detected. The mean, P75 and P95 of total-Hg in raw milk were higher than the limit. The P95 of total-Hg in fermented milk and sterilized milk and Cd in milk powder were higher than the limit. The detection rate and single factor contamination index of total-Hg were the highest in raw milk, fermented milk and sterilized milk, which indicated there was severe contamination in the raw milk(PHg>1) and mild contamination in fermented milk (PHg>0.6). The detection rate of Cr was the highest in infant formula and milk powder, while single factor contamination index of Cd was the highest. The heavy metal contamination in raw milk ranked the first with Pn=0.754, reaching mild level of contamination. The heavy metal contamination in dairy products could be lined in a decreasing order of raw milk, fermented milk, sterilized milk, milk powder and infant formula.Conclusion Four kinds of dairy products were at the safe level of heavy metal contamination. Total-Hg was the dominant heavy metal contamination in liquid milk, while Cd in solid milk. Single factor contamination index and comprehensive contamination index of total-Hg in raw milk indicated that measures should be taken to prevent the contamination.
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2007(4), DOI:
Abstract:
To accurately understand the inorganic arsenic origin in seafoods and scientifically appraise the quality of seafood products, some problems on arsenic chemical and speciation form, background value, inorganic arsenic and determination of arsenic in marine organisms were discussed. References were provided for determination of inorganic arsenic in seafoods.
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Gan Binbin, Liu Zhanhua, Li Shaohao
2011,23(6):531-533, DOI:
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride in health food by HPLC.Methods Samples were extracted ultrasonically with water and separated on a CAPCELLPAKCR column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase consisted of 25 mmol ammonium acetate+acetonitrile(in 0.1% formic acid)(25+75,V/V).The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelength was 200 nm.Results The standard curve of glucosamine hydrochloride was linear over the range in 0.2~26.0 μg(r=0.999 982).The...
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2011,23(5):472-477, DOI:
Abstract:
As indicator organisms,standards for aerobic plate count,coliforms,Escherichia coli,enterobacteriaceae applied in each country were different.Based on the comparison and analysis of microbiological criteria of foods in Australia,New Zealand,European Communities,Canada and Hong Kong,recommendations and technical basis for the elaboration of general microbiological criteria of China’s national food safety standards were provided. 更多还原
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2012,24(5):474-478, DOI:
Abstract:
Based on the analysis of microbiological criteria for ready-to-eat foods in Codex Alimentarius Commission,the European Union,Australia,New Zealand,England and HongKong China,the article provides recommendations for the elaboration of microbiological criteria of Chinese national food standard.
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ZHANG Li-wei, ZHAO Hong-jing, BAI Hong, WAN Chao
2008(3), DOI:
Abstract:
目的总结我国保健食品法律、法规、标准体系发展历史与现状，为未来发展提供建议。方法系统收集我国自1995年《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》首次赋予保健食品法律地位以来有关保健食品生产、销售、流通、监管环节的法律法规，进行纵向与横向的比较分析。结果从管理角度讲，我国保健食品经历了《保健食品管理办法》及《保健食品注册管理办法》两个时期，经历了一个逐步发展完善的过程，在立法过程中体现了“公平、公正、便民、高效和救济”等法制理念的不断进步。现在，我国保健食品法律、法规、标准在产品生产、市场、监控、评估4个方面基本形成了体系，并在新功能、新原料开发方面采取了更为开放的姿态。结论今后我国应加强技术性法规标准的建设，完善《保健食品注册管理办法》相应配套办法，进一步理顺各部门食品安全监管职能，明确责任，注重部门规章的衔接，进一步以法律、法规、标准体系建设整顿市场秩序，引导保健食品行业健康有序地发展。
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ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Yun-feng, ZHENG Hong-guo, ZHANG Lei, LIU Xiao, ZHAO Yun-feng, MOU Shi-fen, ZHENG Hong-guo, WU Yong-ning
2008(4), DOI:
Abstract:
目的建立同时测定食品中硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的离子色谱方法。方法采用超声提取、固相萃取柱净化的方法对试样进行前处理，高容量阴离子交换色谱枉分离，抑制型电导检测器检测。结果亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的检出限分别为0.005mg／L和0.008mg／L。回收率均在80％以上，RSD小于10％。结论该方法简便快捷、准确可靠，适用于多种食品基质中亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐的分析。
