Food safety is one of the most important technical support for Healthy China. The surveillance of food contaminants and harmful factors is the most important technical basis in the whole food safety management in China. The surveillance has been carried out in China for more than 20 years, and 24 million pieces of data have played an important role in food safety risk management in China, such as showing the present status for food safety, indicating trends of contaminants, serving risk assessment activities and the demand of standard formulation/revision, etc. Under the new situation and requirements after the outbreak of COVID-19, this paper summarizes how to improve the efficacy of the surveillance of food pollution and harmful factors and play a greater role in the national food safety risk management,were studied in this paper, and some corresponding advices are proposed.