Objective To understand the current situation of aluminum pollution in the main foods in Inner Mongolia and to evaluate the risk of dietary aluminum exposure of local residents. Methods The aluminum residues of foods containing aluminum additives in food safety risk monitoring in Inner Mongolia from 2010 to 2018 were analyzed. Combined with the food consumption data of residents in Inner Mongolia in 2012, the dietary aluminum intake and health risk was calculated and assessed by sex-age group. Results In this assessment, there were 1 083 common aluminum-containing foods samples with a detection rate of 69.44%(752/1 083). The average content of aluminum residue was 142.81 mg/kg, ranging from 0.30 mg/kg to 2 950.00 mg/kg. The average weekly intake of dietary aluminum for the whole population was 0.692 mg/kg BW which was lower than the tolerable weekly intake (PTWI, 2 mg/kg BW) formulated by the Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives(JECFA). The weekly intake of dietary aluminum for people with high food consumption was 4.868 mg/kg BW. It was 2.43 times that of PTWI. The average weekly dietary aluminum intake of people in different gender-age groups did not exceed PTWI, and the average intake decreased with the increase of age. Conclusion Aluminum containing additives in vermicelli and deep-fried dough sticks exceeded the standard seriously. Aluminum containing additives in puffed food and fermented flour products were used beyond the scope. High-consumption groups of all sex-age groups are at greater risk of aluminum exposure. Relevant departments need to strengthen the supervision of the abuse of aluminum-containing additives.